4groups of coal gangue concrete with the substitution rate of aggregate of 0%，20%，40%，60% respectively were studied with axial compression testing. The damage evolution law of coal gangue concrete during the compression process was dynamically analyzed by acoustic emission(AE) technology, and the damage degree of coal gangue concrete was qualitatively analyzed by AE signals and AE energy released from coal gangue concrete under loading damage. The damage evolution equation and the constitutive model were established. The results show that the shape of stress strain curve of coal gangue concrete under axial compression is basically the same as that of the ordinary concrete, and with increasing coal gangue replacement rate, the peak stress decreases slightly. The AE parameter can effectively describe the evolution law of coal gangue concrete damage, and with increase of coal gangue replacement rate, the materials ductility declines. The damage constitutive model of coal gangue concrete under axial compression based on AE parameters is in good agreement with the experimental results. The research results can provide reliable basis for the theoretical research and engineering application of coal gangue concrete in the future.