Aggregates are the primary constituents of concrete, and their multi-scale shape characteristics play a crucial role in determining concrete performance. This study systematically reviews the methods for characterizing overall shape, angularity, and surface texture across different scales, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The effects of these multi-scale shape features on the workability, mechanical properties, and durability of concrete are thoroughly analyzed. The results show that aggregate shape significantly influences concrete performance by affecting particle packing density, the characteristics of the interfacial transition zone, and transmission paths. This study provides theoretical insights and technical guidance for aggregate design and the optimization of concrete performance.