Under the background of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry and achieving large-scale CO2 sequestration have become an urgent issue. Low-calcium silicate cementitious material, as a novel CO2 sequestrating materials, possess advantages such as energy saving, high carbonation reactivity, and stable products, and are considered an effective pathway for the low-carbon transformation of the cement industry. This paper starts with different low-calcium silicate cementitious material systems, systematically summarizes the research progress of the mixture calculation, firing system, mineral composition, carbonation and hardening properties of low-calcium silicate minerals. Finally, the future research directions of low-calcium silicate cementitious materials were discussed, in order to provide reference for the development of low-calcium silicate cementitious materials.