To avoid the cumbersome process of aggregate interference judgment and rapidly generate calculation models with different rock-filled rates， a method for generating a three-dimensional mesoscopic model of rock-filled concrete considering the skeletal effect was proposed using discrete element software PFC3D， based on the material composition and structural characteristics of rock-filled concrete. Uniaxial compression tests on rock-filled concrete mesoscopic models， both considering and neglecting the skeleton effect， were conducted using the established geometric models. The results indicate that the force transfer skeleton formed by the mutual contact of aggregates inside rock-filled concrete can effectively enhance the overall strength of the material. The stress-strain curves and failure modes of rock-filled concrete obtained from numerical simulations considering the skeletal effect are more consistent with experimental results. This model can effectively reflect the influence of the skeletal effect on the mechanical properties of rock-filled concrete， providing a meso-mechanical model foundation for in-depth studies on the damage evolution laws and failure mechanisms of rock-filled concrete.