Mechanical performance and microstructure analysis were conducted on ancient tomb bricks unearthed from Tsinghua Garden, covering a history of 1600 years. Macro and micro performance of ancient tomb bricks, including appearance, mechanical properties, porosity, chemical and mineral composition respectively, were analyzed. Research results show that: for 1600 years, from the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there was no significant change in the brick-making technology and brick quality. From the Qin Dynasty, red brick and blue brick was produced universally in China. Compared with red brick, the blue brick has smaller volume density, larger porosity and higher strength, resulted from the increased degree of sintering, higher degree of calcium carbonate decomposition and illite crystal water vaporization, and the increased amount of anorthite and glass phase formation.