To achieve the resource utilization of Bayer red mud， it is used that Bayer red mud， carbide slag， blast furnace slag and coal gangue to prepare red mud based mine filling materials without natural materials. The effects of different content of red mud and carbide slag on the mechanical properties and working performance of the filling materials were investigated. And the hydration products， microstructural evolution， and heavy metal toxicity of the red mud based mine filling materials were analyzed by using microscopic testing techniques such as X-ray diffraction （XRD）， scanning electron microscopy and energy spectroscopy （SEM-EDS）， inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry （ICP-OES） and so on. The results show that when the red mud accounts for 50% in binding material， and the solid content of the backfill slurry is 75%， the fluidity of the backfill slurry is 230 mm， the compressive strength of the backfill can reach 2.29， 2.88 MPa at age of 7 d and 28 d， respectively， which meet the requirements of most mine backfilling performance and mechanical property. After using red mud to prepare mine filling materials， the leaching concentration of As， Cd， Cr， Pb and other heavy metal ions in it decreased significantly， far lower than the leaching toxicity requirements of standard GB/T14848—2017 Standard for Groudwater Quality.