The precast member of the traditional reinforced concrete composite column can not be supported on the inside due to the existence of the stirrup across the inside, so the centrifugal method is often used to achieve its internal hollow state, and the production process is complicated. A new type of High-Ductility Fiber-Reinforced Concrete-Steel Tube-Concrete (HDCSTC) composite column was proposed to improve this problem. The axial compression tests of 7 HDCSTC composite columns and 1 reinforced concrete column were carried out. The main parameters include the number of screw rows, screw strength and nut type. The results show that increasing the number of screw rows can effectively improve the post-peak ductility of the specimen. The increase of screw strength has no significant effect on the ductility of one row of screw specimens, but has great effect on the ductility of two rows of screw specimens. The hanging ring nut can establish an effective tensioning knot with the outer high-ductility fiber-reinforced concrete, and improve the post-peak performance of the specimen. The HDCSTC composite column has the same excellent axial compression performance as the reinforced concrete column, and the construction is convenient and has no technical limitation, which is worthy of further research and popularization.