Response surface methodology（RSM） was used to analyze the influence of the setting regulating component and viscosity regulating components on the buildability and setting time of 3D printing cementitious materials. The results show that sulphoaluminate cement can effectively shorten the setting time of mortar as a setting regulating component. Hydroxy propy methyl cellulose thickener and magnesium aluminum silicate as viscosity regulating components can improve the thixotropy of mortar， but it will delay the setting of mortar. Using response surface analysis method， linear model and quadratic model can be used to fit the buildability， open time and setting time of mortar， respectively，and the model shows significant differences. After optimization through RSM， 3D printing cementitious materials with adjustable setting time， good buildability and appropriate open time can be prepared.