Direct Coal liquefaction residue based geopolymer （DG） was prepared using direct coal liquefaction residue （DCLR） as raw material. The working performance， mechanical properties， microstructure and chemical component change of DG samples were studied by adjusting the modulus and dosage of alkali activator （AA）， curing age and DCLR particle size. The results show that the unconfined compressive strength and flexural strength of DG samples increases first and then decreases with the increase of AA modulus and dosage. When AA modulus is 1.4 and its dosage is 50%， the sample has the most aluminate silicate gel， the most compact structure and the largest strength. The early strength of the DG samples is relatively higher， with both compressive strength and flexural strength at 1 day reaching over 70% of that of 28 days. The change of AA modulus has no significant effect on the fluidity of DG slurry. The smaller the DCLR particle size， the better the mechanical properties of the DG samples. The larger DCLR particle size is， the faster the strength of DG inereases.