In order to evaluate the durability of aeolian sand concrete after carbonation and salt freezing，the mass loss rate，relative dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength were used as indicators to analyze the effect of carbonation on the frost resistance of aeolian sand concrete. The internal structure and pore structure change characteristics after carbonation-salt freezing were analyzed by scanning electron microscope（SEM） and nuclear magnetic resonance（NMR） techniques，and the freeze-thaw cycle life of aeolian sand concrete after carbonation was predicted by Wiener stochastic process probability distribution. The results show that carbonation could improve the strength of concrete under the situation of the freeze-thaw cycles， and the mass loss rate is increased after the carbonation. At the same time the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity is reduced. The ratio of harmless hole to harmful hole reflects the damage characteristics of concrete internal structure. The relative dynamic elastic modulus of concrete is the most sensitive index to freeze-thaw environment，and after 28 days of carbonation， the concrete is completely invalidated after 372 cycles of salt freezing.