In order to study the tensile properties of shape memory alloy/polyvinyl alcohol-engineening cement-based composite materials（SMA/PVA-ECC）， uniaxial tensile test were carried out，and the damage phenomena， stress-strain curves and characteristic parameters of the SMA/PVA-ECC specimens were analyzed， and the effects of SMA fibers content and diameter were compared. The results show that the residual crack widths of SMA/PVA-ECC specimens are significantly reduced after unloading. The content and diameter of SMA fiber have significant effects on the tensile properties of the specimens. Compared with the engineering cement-based composite materials（ECC） specimens， the comprehensive tensile properties of the specimens with 0.2 mm fiber diameter and 0.2% fiber content are the best， and the initial cracking strength， ultimate tensile stress and ultimate tensile strain are increased by 56.4%， 23.6% and 13.4%， respectively.