Based on the concept of damping energy dissipation， a new type of vibration-damping measure i.e. the rubber self-compacting concrete filling layer structure was proposed. The dynamic mechanical properties of rubber self-compacting concrete were studied and the damping enhancement mechanism was suggested. The vibration reduction performance of rubber self-compacting concrete filling layer structure was analyzed by using an environmental vibration prediction model. The results show that the rubber reduces the dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus of self-compacting concrete， resulting in an increase in Poisson's ratio. The damping ratio increases linearly with the rubber content. The rubber increases the consumption of stress wave energy by the matrix， thus improving the damping performance. The acceleration level of the rubber self-compacting concrete filling layer structure in the frequency range of 1-200 Hz is lower than that of the ordinary self-compacting concrete filling layer structure， and for low-frequency vibration below 20 Hz， the reduction is about 3-5 dB.