The saline lake and saline soil areas in northwestern China are the strong saline-alkali environment due to the high concentration chloride and sulfate, which can easily cause corrosion and the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete. This paper presents an investigation on the mechanical properties and damage evolution of high performance concrete (HPC) with large amount of mineral admixtures and potential alkali active fine aggregate exposed Na+-Cl--SO42- brine environment. The results indicated that (1) the relative dynamic elastic modulus is greater than 90%, the compressive corrosion coefficient and flexural corrosion coefficient of HPC are greater than 1 and the expansion rate is less than 0.12%; (2)the higher equivalent alkali content partially aggravated the alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in HPC; (3)air entraining can improve the brine corrosion resistance of HPC and reduce the expansion by ASR. HPC of C50 with high content of mineral admixtures and potential alkali active fine aggregate has excellent long-term durability in Na+-Cl--SO42- saline lake brine.