Cement specimens were prepared by grinding the Portland cement clinker and gypsum blended system with triethanolamine （TEA） and sodium tripolyphosphate （STPP） as grinding aid respectively. The particle size distribution and surface properties of cement specimens were tested. The results show that both TEA and STPP can improve the particle size distribution， and the proportion of fine particles （<32 μm） increase significantly. The adsorption of TEA molecules on the surface of cement clinker minerals， tricalcium aluminate （C₃A） and tetracalcium aluminoferrite （C₄AF）， by acid-base force led to a significant decrease in specific surface energy and its proportion to total surface energy. The adsorption of TEA molecules on the surface of cement clinker minerals， tricalcium silicate （C₃S） and dicalcium silicate （C₂S） by van der Waals force decrease the dispersive surface energy and the total surface energy， which prevents agglomeration and fracture healing of the particles during the process of grinding. The adsorption of STPP molecules on the surface of cement particle led to a significant increase in specific surface energy， its proportion to total surface energy and the alkaline constant since the three O atoms in STPP molecule form stable complexes with the Ca²⁺， Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ on the particle surface， and the remaining two O atoms outstretch. Thus， the electrical repulsion promotes the fragmentation and dispersion of particles. At the same time， the free Na⁺ in STPP enters the lattice holes of cement clinker minerals， which aggravates the crystal lattice distortion and accelerates the fracture of crystal bonds.