The effect of fly ash content on the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of strain-hardening cementitious composites （SHCC） was studied by uniaxial tensile， three-point bending and compressive strength tests. The whole tensile loading process was analyzed by using digital image correlation techniques. The cracking area and fractal dimension were proposed to quantify the damage degree of SHCC specimens， and the strain evolution and damage characteristics of SHCC during the loading process were obtained. The results show that with the increase of fly ash content， the tensile strength， compressive strength and flexural strength of strain hardening cementitious composites （SHCC） gradually decrease， the energy consumption capacity gradually increases. Its deformation performance is improved， though the damage degree increases. The strain evolution of SHCC can be visualized by the strain cloud map obtained by the digital image correlation technique. The cracking area ratio and fractal dimension can effectively characterize the damage degree and cracking complexity of SHCC， which can be used as measurement indexes to describe its damage.