The uniaxial compression failure process of basalt fiber-reactive powder concrete （BF-RPC） with different volume fraction of basalt fiber （BF） was observed by three dimensional-digital image correlation （3D-DIC） method. The crack propagation process， damage law and failure mode of BF-RPC in the failure process were studied. The results show that the failure process of BF-RPC can be divided into four stages： crack closure， elastic region， cack stable growth and crack accelerated growth. The damage is small and grows steadily before the dilatancy strain， but increases rapidly after dilatancy strain， and increases with the increase of the volume fraction of BF at peak failure. The BF-RPC failure mode is affected by the volume fraction of BF. The failure mode of reactive powder concrete without BF is tensile failure. When the volume fraction of BF is 0.5% and 1.0%， the failure mode of BF-RPC is tension-shear failure. When the volume fraction of BF is 1.5%， the failure mode of BF-RPC is shear failure.