In order to study the effect of nano SiO2 on the damage of corrosion concrete, 2mol/L NH4Cl solution was used as the erosion media to corrode ordinary concrete and nano SiO2 concrete for 0, 4, 9, 28, 45,64d respectively. The compressive strength corrosion resistant coefficient of the specimens were tested by hydraulic testing machine. The structures of the specimens were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), field emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and thermal analysis. The GM(1,1) prediction model for concrete life was established using grey system theory. The results show that the compressive strength of ordinary concrete and nano SiO2 concrete decreases with the age of corrosion; Nano SiO2 effectively improves the structural reliability of concrete in service water environment, and the corrosion resistance coefficient of compressive strength of nano SiO2 concrete is 1104% higher than that of ordinary concrete; nano SiO2 can effectively improve the microstructure defects of concrete, make the microstructure more compact, and slow down the diffusion and transmission rate of the corrosive medium inside the concrete; It is predicted by GM(1,1) model that the corrosion life of nano SiO2 concrete is 24 times that of ordinary concrete.