The GFRP tube coal gangue concrete steel tube hollow column(GGCSC) was prepared by replacing ordinary concrete with coal gangue concrete, and the GGCSC specimens were tested under axial compression. The influences of GFRP tube wall thickness, hollow ratio, steel tube wall thickness and concrete type on the axial compression performance of GGCSC specimens were studied. The experimental data of bearing capacity, strain, and displacement of the specimens were obtained. The difference of axial compression performance between GGCSC and GFRP tube ordinary concrete steel tube hollow columns was compared. Through the load displacement development trend of external GFRP tube and internal steel tube during compression, the mechanical properties of the two tubes during axial compression of GGCSC were determined. The study provides the test basis for the popularization and application of GGCSC columns.