The static yield stress was used to characterize the structural build up rate, and the relationship between interparticle forces and structural build up was investigated. The results show that the initial structural build up rate of cement decreases when the ground limestone is added, which decreases with the increase of total surface area of ground limestone and increases with the decrease of particle spacing. The smaller the total surface area is and the larger the Zeta potential of particles is, the greater the electrostatic force is. The Van Der Waals force, acid base force and EDLVO force decrease with increasing total surface area of ground limestone. The total EDLVO force and maximum interparticle force have a good positive correlation with the initial structural build up rate of cement ground limeston pastes.