An ultra-early-strength fiber-reinforced magnesium phosphate cement（MPC）was prepared. The influence of the amplitude and frequency of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration on the interface performance and microstructure between steel fiber and MPC was systematically analyzed through the study of fiber pullout performance and pore structure. The results show that the bond performance between steel fiber and MPC based materials increases at first and then decreases with the increase of amplitude and frequency. Compared with the static condition， when the amplitude is 2， 3 mm and the frequency is 3， 6 Hz， the maximum bond strength and pullout energy between steel fiber and MPC mortar increase maximumly. Under a certain degree of vibration， the porosity of MPC mortar can be reduced， the macroscopic pores can be refined， and the interface bond performance between steel fiber and MPC mortar can be optimized.