To explore the fatigue and damage evolution characteristics of rubber cement-based materials， 10 （low/finite cycles） equal load cyclic loading-unloading cycle tests were carried out on rubber cement mortar under 10，20，30 kN load grades respectively. The loading strain， the loading strain difference， the cumulative residual strain， the cumulative residual strain difference， the degree of non-closure， the cumulative residual strain damage （plastic damage）， and the modulus of deformation under loading and unloading were analyzed. The results show that both the loading strain and the cumulative residual strain increase with the increase of the cyclic load grade， and the loading strain difference and the cumulative residual strain difference gradually decrease to about 0 with the increase of the number of cycles. With the increase of the number of cycles， the degree of non-closure decreases， and the plastic damage increases， and both the degree of non-closure and plastic damage increase with the increase of the cyclic load grade. The deformation modulus of loading and unloading increases in the form of piecewise linear fluctuation with the increase of the number of cycles， and also increases with the increase of the cyclic load grade. Finally， both the plastic damage model and stiffness change model based on critical plastic damage assumption were established to predict the fatigue plastic damage and stiffness evolution characteristics of specimens in the process of loading-unloading with high/unlimited cycles.