In order to study the self-healing properties of asphalt mortar under heat aging， three kinds of asphalt mortar were prepared to test microstructure， fatigue—healing—re-fatigue and creep—self-healing—re-creep processes，by atomic force microscope（AFM），dynamic shear rheometer（DSR），bending beam rheometer（BBR） to establish two healing indexes （HI¹ and HI²） for the effects of healing temperature， asphalt type， filler-asphalt ratio， aging degree， destruction degree， healing time on the self-healing properties of asphalt mortar. The results show that after aging， the bee-shape structure in the matrix asphalt mortar changes significantly， while the microstructure of SBS modified asphalt mortar and rubber powder modified asphalt mortar is more stable， and the change of microstructure potentially affects the self-healing performance.The healing index HI¹ based on the cumulative dissipation energy and the healing index HI² based on the area S_A enclosed by the time axis and the main curve of the stiffness modulus in double logarithmic coordinates can better reflect the asphalt mortar self-healing properties； The self-healing ability of asphalt mortar with low filler-asphalt ratio is better， the deepening of aging reduces the healing ability， and the healing ability of modified asphalt mortar is stronger at low temperature.