In order to explore the applicability of small beam bending test in evaluating low temperature performance of open graded large stone asphalt mixes(OLSM), the effect of section size and span on temperature characteristics of it was analyzed,and the evaluation method of low temperature performance was put forward. And the effect of aggregate gradation, asphalt grade, asphalt mortar film thickness, ratio of filler to bitumen and cement substitution for powder on the low temperature performance of OLSM were analyzed based on the improved small beam bending test. The results show that standard small beam bending test fails to truly reflect the low temperature stress characteristics of OLSM. However, the improved small beam bending test is suitable for evaluating its low temperature performance. The low temperature performance of OLSM increases first and then decreases with the increase of fractal dimension. And it has excellent low temperature performance when the fractal dimension range is 241 to 244. The low temperature performance of OLSM increases first and then decreases with the increase of powder to binder ratio and cement substitution for powder, and decreases with the increase of asphalt label. And it has excellent low temperature performance when the ratio of powder to binder range is 10 to 12 and the cement substitution for powder range is 10%30%. The low temperature performance of it could be increased effectively by increasing amount of mortar. However, if the film thickness of mortar is more than 50μm, the effect is not obvious.