Aiming at the problem of impact damage of steel structure coating caused by wind blown sand particles in a long time in the central and western of Inner Mongolia, an automatic impact ball pressure instrument was used to study damage behaviors of steel structure coatings. The impact damage morphology of steel structure coatings was studied by body microscope and super depth of field three dimensional microscope. The research shows that with the increase of impact height, the peak value of impact load of steel structure coatings increases, the peak value of secondary impact load increases, and the time interval becomes longer. The peak value of impact load and secondary impact load of fluorocarbon coatings are lower than that of polyurethane coatings, and the impact resistance of fluorocarbon coatings is better than that of polyurethane coatings. The indentation size growth rate of fluorocarbon coatings is lower than that of polyurethane coatings, but the ultimate load of fluorocarbon coatings is higher than that of polyurethane coatings. Under impact loading, no accumulation of material is observed on the surface of fluorocarbon coatings. There are no obvious circumferential cracks, less radial cracks and finer crack width than that of polyurethane coatings. At the same impact height(34cm), the indentation depth of fluorocarbon coating is 76% lower than that of polyurethane coating, and the indentation width is much smaller than that of polyurethane coating.