Corresponding to the test data, calculation formulas of specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of filling materials such as zinc copper alloy for hot cast anchors and mixture of epoxy resin/steel shot mixture for cold cast anchors were determined. The parameter analysis on the transient temperature distribution at the section of anchors under ISO 834 standard fire was carried out by using both heat conduction theory and ABAQUS software. It indictes that the non uniform temperature distribution on the cross section of the hot cast anchor socket wall becomes more notable as the fire duration increases. The temperature of filling material increases much more slowly than that of the socket wall. The temperature distribution on the cross section of the cold cast anchor socket wall is relatively uniform. The steel wire mounted in the cold cast anchors can decrease the non uniform distribution of temperature in the filling material. In a word, the temperature distribution along the center axis of anchors is notably non uniform and the temperature in anchors is lower than the fire temperature. If the anchors do not make fire protection, the filling material close to the internal surface of the socket wall will lose its bonding strength within a short time. Finally, an analytical method is proposed to determine the transient temperature distribution in hot cast anchors and can be benefit for the evaluation of the fire resistance of the pre tensioned steel structures involving hot cast anchors.