The dynamic compressive properties of engineered cementitious composite(PVA ECC) with different polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) fiber contents by volume and different matrix strength subjected to three different strain rates were studied by using a 50 split hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) apparatus. The results show that PVA fiber can effectively improve the impact damage degree of PVA ECC specimen, and the higher the volume content is the better the integrity will be when the sample is damaged. With the increase of strain rate, the dynamic peak stress, peak strain and toughness of PVA ECC increase remarkably, which shows an obvious strain rate effect. Different PVA fiber contents by volume have great influence on the dynamic compressive properties of PVA ECC, especially on the post peak toughness of PVA ECC, but it has little influence on the strain rate sensitivity of PVA ECC compressive strength. Higher strength PVA ECC has higher dynamic peak stress, but the dynamic peak strain is similar and the post peak toughness decreases significantly. Furthermore, the matrix strength also has little influence on the strain rate sensitivity of PVA ECC compressive strength.