The influence of 8 types of superplasticizer on the surface tension of mixing water and the adsorption behavior of superplasticizers on the dispersion rate were studied. The results show that aminosulfonate superplasticizer（ASF） can slightly increase the surface tension of mixing water, however, all the other superplasticizers can dramatically reduce the surface tension of mixing water. Meanwhile, side chain characteristic of polycarboxylate superplasticizer（PCE） is the decisive factor that determines the surface tension of mixing water, while the acid ether ratio has only little effect. The adsorption amount of naphthalene sulfonate superplasticizer（NSF）, ASF and aliphatic superplasticizer（SAF） was significantly higher than that of 5 PCEs, and there is a desorption phenomenon with the increasing of ASF and SAF dosage. As for PCEs, higher mass percentage content of carboxylic in PCE molecule leads to greater adsorption amount onto the cement surface. PCE dispersion effect can be improved by increase of stirring rate and prolonging of stirring time, however, it doesnt work well on NSF, ASF and SAF. The reduction of surface tension of mixing cannot improve the initial dispersing effect of superplasticizers, while NSF, ASF, SAF and 23PCE4 show relatively high initial dispersing effect due to the relatively high adsorption amount, but the other 4 PCEs show no corresponding relation.