In order to synergistically improve the thermal and mechanical properties of energy storage mortar, a sulphoaluminate cement based phase change thermal energy storage mortar was prepared by compression forming method. The influences of the dosage of phase change material(PCM) and compression forming method on the phase change latent heat, phase change temperature, thermal conductivity, heat storage efficiency, strength and microstructure of the thermal energy storage mortar were investigated by differential scanning analysis, thermal conductivity test, infrared thermal imaging test, strength test and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results show that the thermal energy storage mortar has a tight interface, high compactness, strong thermal conductivity, and higher mechanical strength under the equivalent phase change material content. When the mass fraction of PCM to matrix material is 25%, the thermal conductivities of cement based phase change thermal energy storage mortar at 10℃ and 30℃ are increased by 602% and 691%, respectively. Meanwhile, the 28d compressive strength and flexural strength of phase change thermal energy storage mortar are increased by 277% and 400%, respectively.