In order to study the micro and nano scale characteristics of limestone and basalt aggregates, their surface texture and adhesion force were tested by atomic force microscope(AFM ) technology. The data were imported into the SPSS software to analyze their stability and distinguishability. Furthermore, the differences of the micro and nano scale characteristics of limestone and basalt aggregates were compared. Results show that the data stability and distinguishability for the surface texture are strong and high, while those for the adhesion force are random. Compared with the basalt, the maximum adhesion force value and surface texture roughness of the limestone are higher and coarser. The adhesion between limestone and asphalt is scattered distribution, while that between basalt and asphalt is integral distribution.