In order to study the dynamic characteristics of concrete structures, the dynamic performance tests of lightweight aggregate concrete and ordinary concrete were carried out under uniaxial compression at different strain rates, and ten different strain rates were set. According to dynamic performance experiment, the failure modes and stress strain curves of different concretes under different conditions were obtained. Through the stress strain curves, peak stress, peak strain and elastic modulus of concretes were obtained. The test results show that the failure modes of ordinary concrete under different strain rates mainly appear on adhesive material while lightweight aggregate concretes are damaged in lightweight aggregates. With increasing strain rate, peak stress and elastic modulus of concretes are increased significantly, but the dynamic effect of lightweight aggregate concrete is more significant than that of ordinary concrete. The peak strain of ordinary concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete which is changed with strain rate is small and discrete. Based on the experimental results, the formulas for the relationships between strain rate and peak stress, elastic modulus of ordinary concrete and lightweight aggregate concrete are established， which reveals that the dimensionless values of peak stress and elastic modulus after treatment are linearly related to the dimensionless logarithm value of relative strain rate.