The interaction effect of the simultaneous sustained stress and sulfate attack on the deterioration of concrete was experimentally investigated. The concrete cube specimens were loaded in axial compressive stress by creep apparatus and immersed in sodium sulfate solutions of concentrations of 0%, 5% and 10%(by mass）, and in tap water. The axial compression stresses ratios were as follows:0%, 15%, 30% and 45%. Test results show that, the combined action of the stress ratio of 45% with sulfate attack significantly accelerates the deterioration of concrete, and the compressive strength of concrete shows a downward trend with the increase of corrosion time. The axial compression at stress ratio of 30% or less and sulfate attack have inhibitory effect on the degradation of concrete strength. And the inhibitory effect under the stress ratio of 30% is more significant than that under the stress ratio of 15%. Compared with 5% concentration of sodium sulfate solution, 10% concentration of sodium sulfate solution has a significant acceleration effect on the deterioration of concrete. Microcosmic mechanism research shows that, under the real time combined action of axial compression and sulfate attack, the degradation of interface transition zone(ITZ) under the stress ratio of 30% is the least notable, the degradation of ITZ under the stress ratio of 15% is slightly greater, and the degradation of ITZ under the stress ratio of 45% is the most serious. During the combined erosion process, the filling effect of ettringite and gypsum in micro cracks is small. With the increase of corrosion age, the deterioration of micro cracks in the ITZ is gradually increased. Under combined action of the axial compression of high stress ratio and sulfate attack, the deterioration of ITZ has a more significant influence on concrete performance. Under combined action of the axial compression of low stress ratio and sulfate attack, the deterioration of ITZ has no notable influence on concrete performance.