Effects of surface morphology and dosage of plant fiber on the mechanical property, water resistance and microstructure of stabilized earth materials prepared by the Yellow River sediment were discussed. The results show that based on the analysis of morphology differentia, surface area and roughness of the modified plant fiber increase obviously compared with the control. Mechanical properties and water resistance of stabilized earth materials improve obviously, when the modified jute fiber content(by volume) is in the 0.8%1.2%. Relatively, the compressive strength of the stabilized earth materials decreases with the increasing of dosage of original jute fiber, the water resistance declines with the increasing of dosage of original and modified straw fiber. SEM morphology analysis of cross section indicates that modified jute fiber bonds closely with the matrix materials.