In order to characterize mechanical properties of asphalt mixture under different working conditions, a constitutive equation called dynamic elastic modulus field model was proposed. The dynamic elastic modulus field model, which was obtained by using uniaxial compression test data of standard Marshall specimens, was established with the loading rate and stress state as independent variables. A user subroutine for the model was written by ABAQUS/VUMAT and verified by other experimental data. Vertical displacement data of pressure head in asphalt mixture splitting test and flexural tensile strength data in asphalt mixture bending test were respectively applied to verify the generality of dynamic elastic modulus field model in different conditions. The results show that calculation results using dynamic elastic modulus field model are in good agreement with test data of uniaxial compression, splitting and bending under different loading rates individually. The dynamic elastic modulus field model can describe material parameters dependences for asphalt mixture on stress state and load history and provide a new way to analyze asphalt mixture under complex structure shapes and stress states.