In order to observe the effect of aggregate surface energy parameters on splitting strength of asphalt mixture, the adhesion principle between asphalt and aggregate was applied based on the theory of surface energy. The contact angles were measured between different aggregates （i.e. limestone, basalt, granite, andesite and gneiss） and chemical reagents of which the surface energy parameters were known. Parameters of surface energy, polar component, dispersion component of different aggregates were obtained by calculating the contact angles. The relationships between each parameter and splitting strength of asphalt mixture were analyzed. The results show that the splitting strength of asphalt mixture could be explained by theory of surface energy. Surface energy, dispersion component of aggregate and splitting strength is positively correlated, while polar component is negatively correlated. Some relationships between parameters of surface energy of aggregates and chemical compositions are established.