Single basalt fiber yarn reinforced composite(single yarn BFRP) samples were tested under quasi static loading at a strain rate of(1/600)s-1 and room temperature(25℃) using a MTS load frame and dynamic tensile loading at four different strain rates(40, 80, 120, 160s-1) and six different temperatures(-25, 0, 25, 50, 75, 100℃) utilizing a drop tower impact system. The experimental results show that mechanical properties of single yarn BFRP are sensitive to strain rate and temperature. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, ultimate strain, maximum strain and toughness of single yarn BFRP increase with increasing strain rate at the same temperature; when strain rate is constant, the elastic modulus, tensile strength and toughness firstly increase and then decrease with increasing temperature, while the ultimate strain and maximum strain show opposite trend.