Asphalt rubber was prepared under the technical requirement. The optimum temperature of the asphalt rubber short term aging simulation experiment was selected to evaluate the rule of asphalt rubber aging by aging simulation experiment. Characteristics of asphalt rubber short term aging, and rubber powder separate short term aging were analysized. The results show that the asphalt rubber short term aging temperature should be consistent with actual construction temperature 180℃; severe swelling reaction exists in the process of asphalt rubber short term aging, which may exceed the asphalt rubber aging, and lead to some rheological behavior opposite to aging trend. Rubber powder is oxygen insulated by asphalt in the process of asphalt rubber aging under the construction in which rubber particles in asphalt rubber mainly have a swelling reaction rather than the aging effect, thus the anti aging performance of asphalt rubber can be improved.