To obtain the most reasonable quantitative index of the morphological characteristic of coarse aggregates, Los Angeles (LA) abrasion tester without steel balls was employed to change the shape of aggregate particles with size of 47595mm，95132mm，13216mm，1619mm, respectively. Abrasion cycles were 0, 600,and 1200. Through the self developed morphology analysis system of coarse aggregate (MASCA), the values of 6 quantitative indexes (aspect, convexity ratio, roughness, angularity parameter, roundness, fractal dimension) were calculated. Their sensitivity to the change of particle morphology was compared using the method of binary variance. The results show that fractal dimension is the optimal quantitative index to evaluate the morphological characteristic of coarse aggregates. At last, AC 16, SAC 16, SMA 16 mixture specimens were fabricated with the different morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates obtained by abrasion, respectively. The rutting and penetration shear tests were conducted for validation, and test results indicate that the fractal dimension has a good correlation with high temperature performance of asphalt mixture.