The amorphous Ni P coating was prepared on the surface of ZL113 aluminum alloy by chemical plating, the coating was heat treated at 350℃ for 20140min. The effects of heat treatment time on the surface morphologies, chemical element content and crystallization of phase composition of the coating were characterized with SEM, EDS and XRD, respectively, the hardness change rule of the coating was analyzed, and the wear resistance of heat treatment was examined. The results show that the chemical plating Ni P alloy coating structure recombination were made by heat treatment, and improvement of Ni P microhardness is mainly due to the formation of the mixture phase of Ni Ni3P, and Ni3P. The coating hardness shows a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing with heating time, it has a normal distribution, and reaches the maximum at 60 min. The heat treatment time has little effect on friction coefficient; the wear resistance of the Ni P coating is obviously higher than the primitive state, the best of wear resistance appears under 60 min heat processing, wear process is manifested as abrasive wear.