Damage degree of concrete was defined by the ultrasonic wave velocity. The carbonation resistance of control concrete and the concrete with different stress damage degrees of 0.05, 0.12, 0.19, 0.27, was studied by the accelerated carbonation test method. The results show that the basic carbonation regularity of stress damaged concrete is similar to that of control concrete. The carbonation depth also obeys the exponential function of time and increases with stress damage degree. The damage impact factor KD was put forward to quantify the effect of initial stress damage on the carbonation characteristic of concrete. A linear relationship exists between the impact factor KD and damage degree D. Also, with the analysis of carbonation durability of damaged concrete, the stress damage has a significant effect on it, and the relative carbonation service life is 0.39 times that of control concrete when the damage degree is 0.27.