Based on load pattern analysis of traffic load on pavement structure, cyclic coaxial shear load test was designed and indicators including shear resilient modulus and ratio of plasticity to elasticity were proposed for evaluating shear deformation features of asphalt mixtures. Based on test results of 6 kinds of mixtures made from 3 kinds of asphalt binders and 2 kinds of aggregate gradation, rationality of both indicators were discussed, influencing factors and changing trend of the indicators were analyzed. The results show that both indicators of shear resilient modulus and ratio of plasticity to elasticity could reflect the innate character of asphalt mixtures deformation, good correlation are shown between these indicators and dynamic stability of asphalt mixture. Shear resilient modulus increases and ratio of plasticity to elasticity decreases as modified asphalt binders or larger nominal maximum aggregate size are selected for mixture design. When loading amplitude is enlarged or load cycles are increased, the changing trend of the two indicators is opposite.