采用早龄期混凝土变形与内部湿度测量装置,测量了水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土的自由变形及内部湿度变化规律.结果显示:水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土早期变形均具有先膨胀后收缩的特征,膨胀结束点之后的变形为有效变形;3种水泥基材料的早期收缩随龄期的发展遵循双阶段模式,即早期的快速发展期(阶段Ⅰ)和随后的缓慢发展期(阶段Ⅱ);在阶段Ⅰ,3种材料收缩差异不大,骨料对收缩变形的约束作用主要体现在阶段Ⅱ;最终混凝土收缩最小,砂浆次之,水泥净浆最大.从浇筑开始,材料内部湿度经历早期的水气饱和期(相对湿度RH=100%)和随后的湿度下降期,湿度下降的起始点基本与收缩发展阶段Ⅱ起始点相对应,表明阶段Ⅱ的收缩与内部湿度下降密切相关.收缩变形的双阶段模式及其与湿度发展的对应关系揭示了水泥基材料早期变形机制由化学减缩控制到湿度控制的转换过程

The development of free deformation and internal moisture in cement paste, mortar and concrete were experimentally investigated. The results show that the deformations of cement paste, mortar and concrete at early age all exhibit plastic swelling at initial several hours after casting and then shrinking with a gradually reduced rate. The end point of swelling may be corresponding to the transformation point of plastic state to solid state and this point can be defined as setting time of the cement based materials. The development of shrinkage starting from setting point of the three kinds of cementitious materials exhibits at first a fast developing stage(stage Ⅰ) and is followed by a relatively slow developing stage(stage Ⅱ). The restraint effect of aggregates on shrinkage is significant only in the stage Ⅱ. In stage Ⅰ a similar shrinkage values are observed on the three kinds of materials. The development of moisture inside cement paste, mortar and concrete can be described as a vapor saturated stage with saturated moisture followed by a stage in that internal moisture is gradually reduced. The shrinkage developed within stage Ⅱ can well correlate to the reduction of internal moisture.

国家自然科学基金资助项目(50978143);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)项目(2009CB623200)