Anti-freeze-thaw durability experiment with the concrete made with different quality aggregates was conducted. The deformation characteristic of 8 kinds of aggregates that meet or do not meet quality requirement set forth in JTG F30--2003 and 3 kinds of mortars in freezing and thawing cycle process was investigated. The micro-structure of aggregates was observed. The result indicates that, it is not proper to judge the anti-freeze-thaw durability of concrete only by apparent density and water absorption of aggregate. Some concrete made with low quality aggregate that cannot meet the quality requirement also have the sufficient anti-freeze-thaw durability as shown in the experimental study. The results also indicate that, in the freezing and thawing cycle process of concrete, the residual deformation is accumulated, when the accumulated residual deformation of aggregate is bigger than that of mortar, the tensile stress is resulted in, and the concrete will destruct if the tensile stress is close to or higher than the tensile strength of the mortar. The micro-structure of aggregate has an important effect on aggregate properties.