This paper presented a literature survey of explosive spalling of concrete at elevated temperatures. The affecting factors, mechanisms and the current theoretical and experimental studies were summarized respectively. The investigations results show that the coupling of thermal cracking and pore pressure is the main reason to induce the thermal spalling and uncertainty of explosive spalling. The explosive spalling induced by elevated temperatures is a complex nonlinear problem, which can be understood very well only through establishing a theory system introducing both the material science theory and the mechanics theory.