Through further hydration of cementitious particles, concrete has self-healing capability after being damaged. To study the influence of concrete components on self-healing performance, several factors such as grade of cement, fly ash, and carbon fibers, are considered. The test results show that low grade cement, replacement of cement by fly ash, and adding some carbon fibers are all helpful in improving the self-healing performance of concrete. Furthermore, the mechanism and the effect of concrete self-healing performance are analyzed and discussed.