The effects of the component gradient distribution at interfacial zone between the layers on mechanical behaivor of the layered cement-based materials were studied. The residual stress at the interfacial zone was also discussed according to the inhomogeneous strain model. The analyzing results indicate that the mismatch of thermal expand coefficient and humidity expand coefficient, and the residual stress at the interfacial zone between the layers are greatly decreased. So the mechanical behavior of the layered structures are effectively improved. The test results also show that the tensile and flexural strength of the layered structure in which the components are gradient distribution can be obviously improved.