In order to improve the alkali resistance and interfacial properties of bamboo fibers in cementitious composites, the influence law of resin type on the long-term mechanical in alkaline environment and interfacial properties of bamboo fibers was investigated. The test results showed that after impregnation with epoxy, furan, and vinyl resins, the tensile strength of bamboo fibers increased by 132.42%, 30.6%, and 36.96%, respectively; the tensile strength retention of the three type fibers after 60 days of immersion in the calcium hydroxide solution was 55.91%, less than 30%, and 59.71%, respectively. And the corresponding bond strength to the cementitious matrix was improved by 4.61 times, 1.87 and 3.47 times compared to the fibers without resin impregnation, respectively. The fibers treated with vinyl resin own the best alkali resistance. This study can provide a basis for the design and application of bamboo fiber reinforced cementitious composites.