In order to study the effect of graphene oxide on the recycled concrete under freeze-thaw cycle, the mechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone of aggregate-new mortar (AG-NM) and new mortar-old mortar (NM-OM) were studied by nano-indentation technique. The results show that the mechanical properties of graphene oxide recycled concrete (GO-RC) and ordinary recycled concrete (RC) decrease in varying degrees after 100 freeze-thaw cycles. Due to the condensation nucleus effect of GO in the hydration process , The number of high strength hydration products is increased in the interfacal transition zone (ITZ).The volume fraction of high density calcium silicate hydrate (HD C-S-H) is 7.02%-14.1% higher than that in the RC.The elastic modulus of GO-RC increased by 14.79% - 17.74% and hardness increased by 42.11%-60.8%, respectively in ITZ. According to the relationship between the microscopic mechanical properties and the macroscopic mechanical properties of concrete, it can be concluded that graphene oxide can enhance the microstructure of the recycled concrete so as to improve the frost resistance .