In order to investigate the effect of heat aging on the compatibility between asphalt and rubber powder, the long term aging asphalt was prepared by pressure aging vessel(PAV) accelerated aging test method, four component analysis was carried out on the matrix asphalt and the aging asphalt. Based on above experimental results, the rubber powder representative molecular model was established using styrene butadiene rubber(SBR) molecular model. The results show that the density of asphalt does not change significantly before and after aging, but the energy increases due to the increase of macromolecule ratio in asphalt after aging. The difference between the solubility parameter of aging asphalt and SBR is larger than the difference of solubility parameter between matrix asphalt and SBR. Indicating that aging reduces the mutual dissolution ability and the interaction energy between asphalt and SBR, ultimately reduces the compatibility between the asphalt and the SBR.